Saturated Steam Tables

IAPWS-IF97 properties by temperature or pressure. Interpolated for any value in range.

Saturated Steam Lookup

Temperature

°C

Valid range: 0.01–373.95°C (32–705°F)

Saturation Temp

100.00

°C

Saturation Pressure

0.10142

MPa

Liquid Volume (vf)

0.001044

m³/kg

Gas Volume (vg)

1.67180

m³/kg

Liquid Enthalpy (hf)

419.17

kJ/kg

Vaporization (hfg)

2256.40

kJ/kg

Gas Enthalpy (hg)

2675.60

kJ/kg

Liquid Entropy (sf)

1.3072

kJ/(kg·K)

Vaporization (sfg)

6.0459

kJ/(kg·K)

Gas Entropy (sg)

7.3531

kJ/(kg·K)

Formula Block (Live Values)

At saturation, the following relations hold:

h_g = h_f + h_fg → 419.17 + 2256.40 = 2675.60 kJ/kg

s_g = s_f + s_fg → 1.3072 + 6.0459 = 7.3531 kJ/(kg·K)

v_g = v_f + v_fg (approx: v_fg ≈ v_g for low pressures)

Quality (x) for a wet mixture:

h = h_f + x · h_fg

v = v_f + x · (v_g − v_f)

Saturated Steam Tables (IAPWS-IF97)

Saturated steam is the state where water and steam coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium. At any given pressure (or temperature), the properties of both the liquid and vapor phases are fixed. This calculator uses data arrays derived from the IAPWS-IF97 formulation — the international standard for the properties of water and steam used in power plant engineering, boiler design, and Rankine cycle analysis.

Key properties include specific volume (vf for liquid, vg for gas), enthalpy (hf, hfg, hg), and entropy (sf, sfg, sg). The latent heat of vaporization (hfg) represents the energy required to convert saturated liquid to saturated vapor at constant pressure. For wet steam mixtures, use the quality (x) to interpolate: h = hf + x·hfg.

FAQ: Steam Table Usage

What is the critical point?

At 373.95°C and 22.064 MPa, the distinction between liquid and vapor disappears. Above this point, water is a supercritical fluid.

How do I find properties of wet steam?

If you know the quality x (0 = all liquid, 1 = all vapor), use: h = hf + x·hfg, v = vf + x·(vg − vf), s = sf + x·sfg.

Why are these tables important?

Steam tables are essential for analyzing Rankine cycles, sizing boilers and turbines, calculating heat exchanger duty, and determining pump work in power plants.

Example: Boiler Feedwater Heating

Given: Steam at 1 MPa, quality x = 0.9

h = hf + x·hfg = 762.7 + 0.9 × 2014.6 = 2575.8 kJ/kg

v = vf + x·(vg − vf) = 0.001127 + 0.9 × (0.1943 − 0.001127) = 0.1751 m³/kg

This enthalpy value can then be used to calculate turbine work or heat exchanger duty.